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- <text id=89TT0213>
- <link 93TG0003>
- <title>
- Jan. 23, 1989: A Not-So-Happy Anniversary
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Jan. 23, 1989 Barbara Bush:The Silver Fox
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 54
- A Not-So-Happy Anniversary
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The Surgeon General's report on smoking raises new worries
- </p>
- <p> Many people look back on Jan. 11, 1964, as a pivotal date in
- their lives. On that day U.S. Surgeon General Luther Terry
- warned about the deadly dangers of tobacco in a blockbuster
- report. Frightened smokers promptly resolved to give up the
- habit; some scared souls stubbed out cigarettes on the spot.
- Last week the Federal Government marked the 25th anniversary of
- that first alarm with a new Surgeon General's report that
- charts the progress in the war against tobacco. The past
- quarter-century has seen "a revolution in smoking behavior,"
- declared C. Everett Koop, the current Surgeon General. "In the
- 1940s and '50s, smoking was chic; now, increasingly, it is
- shunned." But, he continued, tobacco is still "the single most
- important preventable cause of death, responsible for 1 out of
- every 6 deaths in the U.S."
- </p>
- <p> The most disturbing news in the 679-page report was the
- assertion that smoking has exacted a heavier toll in death and
- disease than had previously been thought. Among the findings:
- </p>
- <p> Tobacco claims 390,000 lives a year, 90,000 more than
- earlier estimates. Two-thirds of those deaths result from
- cardiovascular disease, lung cancer and chronic respiratory
- ailments like emphysema. The average male smoker is 22 times as
- likely to die from lung cancer as is a nonsmoker, double the
- previous risk estimate.
- </p>
- <p> For the first time, the Government has concluded that
- smoking is a major cause of stroke, accounting for an estimated
- 26,500 deaths a year. Half of all strokes in people under 65
- stem from smoking.
- </p>
- <p> While the incidence of lung cancer has been leveling off for
- men, it has been rising among women. The report cites the
- American Cancer Society's estimate that lung cancer has
- surpassed breast malignancies as the second leading cause of
- death among women. "Women took up smoking in large numbers
- about three decades after men did so," explained Koop. "We can
- envision the catastrophic epidemic of lung cancer that is
- likely to occur among women in the coming years."
- </p>
- <p> On the bright side, the U.S. has made substantial strides in
- curtailing cigarette use. Only 29% of adults now light up, down
- from 40% in 1965. The biggest decline has been among men: 50%
- smoked in 1965, less than a third today. Nearly half of all
- living adults who have ever smoked have quit -- at least for a
- while.
- </p>
- <p> But the progress has not been spread equally over various
- groups in the population. Smoking among blacks and blue-collar
- workers is higher than average. Level of education is the best
- predictor of tobacco use: the more years of schooling people
- have, the less likely they are to smoke.
- </p>
- <p> Cigarette use was declining among teenagers, but has now
- leveled off. Children, especially girls, are taking up tobacco
- at a younger age. Among high school seniors who have ever
- smoked, a quarter took their first puff by the sixth grade and
- half by the eighth. Restrictions on children's access to
- cigarettes have weakened; many stores routinely ignore
- minimum-age-of-purchaser laws.
- </p>
- <p> The tobacco industry, used to harsh reports from the Surgeon
- General, tried to blunt the latest attack with newspaper ads
- saying that "enough is enough." Said Brennan Dawson, a
- spokeswoman for the Tobacco Institute: "The report represents an
- escalation in the antismoking campaign." Surgeon General Koop
- certainly hopes so. His stated goal is to make the U.S. a
- "smoke-free society by the year 2000."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-